A practical guide for physicians

Emergency Urology: A Practical Guide for Physicians

A practical guide. This publication is not a normative legal act, a clinical protocol of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, or a healthcare organization's local standard operating procedure.

Part I. General principles

  1. 1. Organization of emergency urological care
  2. 2. Initial assessment of the urological patient
  3. 3. Acute pain in urology: differential diagnosis
  4. 4. Ultrasonography in emergency urological practice
  5. 5. Laboratory investigations and assessment of illness severity
  6. 6. Sepsis and septic shock in urology
  7. 7. Antimicrobial therapy and prevention of resistance

Part II. Acute upper urinary tract conditions

  1. 8. Renal colic
  2. 9. Acute upper urinary tract obstruction
  3. 10. Acute pyelonephritis and obstructive pyelonephritis
  4. 11. Gross hematuria, hemorrhagic syndrome, and clot retention
  5. 12. Infected hydronephrosis and pyonephrosis
  6. 13. Acute renal failure in urological disease
  7. 14. Acute cortical and papillary necrosis: urological considerations
  8. 15. Renal trauma
  9. 16. Ureteral rupture
  10. 17. Iatrogenic upper urinary tract injuries

Part III. Urinary tract stones

  1. 18. Emergency management of urolithiasis
  2. 19. Ureteral stones: choosing a management strategy
  3. 20. Staghorn and large renal stones
  4. 21. Infected stones and struvite nephrolithiasis
  5. 22. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in emergency urology
  6. 23. Ureteroscopy and RIRS: their role in emergency practice

Part IV. Acute lower urinary tract conditions

  1. 24. Acute urinary retention
  2. 25. Bladder catheterization and difficult catheterization
  3. 26. Clot retention
  4. 27. Acute cystitis and complicated lower urinary tract infection
  5. 28. Acute urethritis and periurethral complications
  6. 29. Acute scrotum
  7. 30. Testicular torsion
  8. 31. Torsion of the appendix testis, epididymitis, and orchitis
  9. 32. Scrotal and testicular trauma

Part V. Andrological emergencies

  1. 33. Priapism
  2. 34. Acute penile pain
  3. 35. Paraphimosis and complicated phimosis
  4. 36. Penile fracture
  5. 37. Acute complications after penile injections and implantation
  6. 38. Acute urinary retention after urological procedures

Part VI. Urological trauma

  1. 39. General principles of urological trauma
  2. 40. Bladder trauma
  3. 41. Urethral injury
  4. 42. External genital trauma
  5. 43. Open and penetrating urogenital injuries

Part VII. Postoperative and iatrogenic complications

  1. 44. Bleeding after endoscopic procedures
  2. 45. Fever and sepsis after urological surgery
  3. 46. Ureteral injury after gynecological and abdominal surgery
  4. 47. Bladder perforation and urinary extravasation
  5. 48. Acute obstruction after ureteral stenting and nephrostomy
  6. 49. Complications after transurethral surgery

Part VIII. Urological emergencies in special populations

  1. 50. Emergency urology in pregnancy
  2. 51. Emergency urology in children
  3. 52. Older patients and polypharmacy
  4. 53. Patients with a solitary kidney
  5. 54. Anticoagulants and bleeding in urology
  6. 55. Diabetes mellitus and urological infections

Part IX. Practical algorithms

  1. 56. Algorithm for acute flank pain
  2. 57. Algorithm for hematuria
  3. 58. Algorithm for acute urinary retention
  4. 59. Algorithm for acute scrotum
  5. 60. Algorithm for the septic urological patient
  6. 61. Algorithm for urinary tract obstruction
  7. 62. Algorithm for genitourinary trauma
  8. 63. Algorithm for complications after urological procedures
  9. 64. Drainage: choosing between a nephrostomy, stent, and catheter
  10. 65. Referral and transfer pathways and admission criteria
  11. 66. Quality assurance and documentation in emergency urological care
  12. 67. Clinical case reviews: common errors and how to avoid them

Appendices

  1. 1. Regulatory framework of the Republic of Kazakhstan
  2. 2. Applicability of sources by chapter
  3. 3. Referral and transfer arrangements and resource readiness
  4. 4. Documentation, handover, and quality assurance
  5. 5. General organizational checklists
  6. 6. Abbreviations and terminology